A Missouri judge has overturned the conviction of a man who has served nearly 28 years of a life sentence for a killing that he has always said he did not commit.
Key points:
- Lamar Johnson was freed after an investigation by the state prosecutor's office and the Innocence Project
- His lawyers said the evidence proving his innocence was available at his original trial
- He had been convicted on the basis of a line-up identification by someone who said he had been coerced, and a conversation reported by a jailhouse informant
Lamar Johnson, 50, closed his eyes and shook his head slightly as a member of his legal team patted him on the back when Circuit Judge David Mason issued his ruling.
In coming to his decision, Judge Mason explained that there had to be "reliable evidence of actual innocence — evidence so reliable that it actually passes the standard of clear and convincing".
Mr Johnson walked free after he was processed out at the courthouse.
Beaming, he walked up to reporters in the courthouse lobby about two hours after the ruling and thanked everyone who worked on his case, as well as the judge.
"This is unbelievable," said Mr Johnson, who did not take any questions.
St Louis circuit attorney Kim Gardner, who filed a motion in August seeking Mr Johnson's release after an investigation her office conducted with help from the Innocence Project convinced her he was telling the truth, applauded the ruling.
"Mr Lamar Johnson. Thank you. You're free," she said before the gathered press.
Ms Gardner said this was a time for Mr Johnson to spend with his attorneys and family.
"This is Valentine's Day and this is historical," she said.
The Republican-led state attorney-general's office fought to keep Mr Johnson locked up.
A spokeswoman for the office, Madeline Sieren, said in an email that the office will take no further action in the case. She again defended the office's push to keep Mr Johnson behind bars.
"As he stated when he was sworn in, Attorney-General [Andrew] Bailey is committed to enforcing the laws as written," Ms Sieren wrote.
"Our office defended the rule of law and worked to uphold the original verdict that a jury of Johnson's peers deemed to be appropriate based on the facts presented at trial."
Evidence 'available at his trial'
Mr Johnson's attorneys blasted the state attorney-general's office after the hearing, saying it "never stopped claiming Lamar was guilty and was comfortable to have him languish and die in prison".
"Yet, when this state's highest law enforcement office could hide from a courtroom no more, it presented nothing to challenge the overwhelming body of evidence that the circuit attorney and Lamar Johnson had amassed," they said in a statement.
Mr Johnson plans to reconnect with his family and enjoy experiences he was denied for most of his adult life while locked up, his lawyers said.
"While today brings joy, nothing can restore all that the state stole from him. Nothing will give him back the nearly three decades he lost while separated from his daughters and family," they said.
"The evidence that proved his innocence was available at his trial, but it was kept hidden or ignored by those who saw no value in the lives of two young Black men from the South Side."
Mr Johnson was convicted of murder for the October 1994 killing of Marcus Boyd, who was shot to death on his front porch by two masked men.
Police and prosecutors blamed the killing on a dispute over drug money.
Mr Johnson maintained his innocence from the outset, saying he was with his girlfriend kilometres away when the crime occurred.
A second suspect, Phil Campbell, pleaded guilty to a reduced charge in exchange for a seven-year prison term.
Mr Johnson testified at a December hearing that he was with his girlfriend on the night of the crime, except for a few minutes when he stepped outside of the home of a friend to sell drugs on a corner several blocks from where the victim was killed.
Mr Johnson's girlfriend at the time, Erika Barrow, testified that she was with Johnson that entire night, except for about a five-minute span when he left to make the drug sale.
She said the distance between the friend's home and Mr Boyd's home would have made it impossible for Mr Johnson to get there and back in five minutes.
Witness 'bullied', convicted murderer confessed
The case for Mr Johnson's release was centred around a key witness who recanted his testimony and a prison inmate who says it was he — not Mr Johnson — who joined Campbell in the killing.
James Howard, 46, is serving a life sentence for murder and several other crimes that happened three years after Mr Boyd was killed.
He testified at the hearing that he and Campbell decided to rob Mr Boyd, who owed one of their friends money from the sale of drugs.
He also said Mr Johnson was not there.
Howard testified that he shot Mr Boyd in the back of the head and neck, and that Campbell shot Mr Boyd in the side.
Howard and Campbell years ago signed affidavits admitting to the crime and claiming Mr Johnson was not involved. Campbell has since died.
James Gregory Elking testified in December that he was on the front porch with Mr Boyd, trying to buy crack cocaine, when the two gunmen wearing black ski masks came around the house and began the attack.
Mr Elking, who later spent several years in prison for bank robbery, initially told police he could not identify the gunmen.
He agreed to view a line-up anyway. Mr Elking testified that when he was unable to name anyone from the line-up as a shooter, Detective Joseph Nickerson told him, "I know you know who it is", and urged him to "help get these guys off the street".
Saying he felt "bullied" and "pressured", Mr Elking named Mr Johnson as one of the shooters.
Ms Gardner's office said Mr Elking was also paid at least $US4,000 ($5,760) after agreeing to testify.
"It's been haunting me," he said of his role in sending Mr Johnson to prison.
Mr Nickerson denied coercing Mr Elking. He testified in December that Mr Elking's identification of Mr Johnson was based on all that he could see of the shooter's face — his eyes.
Mr Johnson has one eye that looks different than the other, Mr Nickerson said. "You can clearly see it."
Dwight Warren, who prosecuted Mr Johnson in 1995, said that beyond Mr Elking's testimony, the main evidence against Mr Johnson was an overheard jail cell conversation.
A jailhouse informant, William Mock, told investigators at the time that he heard Campbell and Mr Johnson talking when one of them said, "We should have shot that white boy," apparently referring to Mr Elking.
Mr Warren acknowledged that convicting Mr Johnson would have been "iffy" without Mock's testimony.
In March 2021, the Missouri Supreme Court denied Mr Johnson's request for a new trial after then-attorney-general Eric Schmitt's office argued successfully that Ms Gardner lacked the authority to seek one so many years after the case was adjudicated.
The case led to the passage of a state law that makes it easier for prosecutors to get new hearings in cases where there is fresh evidence of a wrongful conviction.
That law freed another longtime inmate, Kevin Strickland, last year. He had served more than 40 years for a Kansas City triple killing.
AP