The doctor who ran the small clinic in Maharashtra state has since fled, police superintendent Dattatray Shinde said. "We have teams who are looking for him."
Shinde told CNN that authorities had "received information that the doctor used to terminate pregnancy and bury the fetuses in the area."
Another police officer told CNN that the doctor was a homeopath who did not have a surgical license.
The director of an international health advocacy group expressed alarm that the true scale of the number of illegal abortions in India might be hidden.
"The latest case of illegal abortion clinic could be just the tip of the iceberg. Considering the deafening silence surrounding abortion coupled with the overwhelming desire for sons, there could be a huge network of various practioners indulging in the illegal business of unsafe abortions and sex selection," said A.L. Sharada, director of the nonprofit Population First.
Professor R. Nagarajan of the government-sponsored International Institute for Population Sciences in Mumbai, said this case showed "that both the demand and supply for (sex selective abortions) still exists" in Maharashtra.
He said it was concerning, as even strict laws preventing sex selective abortions did not seem to be having an effect.