Vipin Narang, an associate professor of political science at MIT who studies nuclear proliferation, said Thursday's test did not demonstrate any "new capability, (this) was simply a developmental test before India inducts it into operational service."

Narang said it's possible India's armed forces were testing the canister the missile is launched out of, as well as its ejection, flight performance and accuracy -- a "regular technical test in that regard."

Ajai Shukla, a New Delhi-based defense analyst and former Indian army colonel, said the country has been "gradually stepping up the complexity of the testing process."

China concerns

Both Shukla and Narang said the Agni-V could be used to strike against China, with all of the country within its maximum range.

Narang said it could be used to strike against "high value targets" in eastern China, where much of the country's major cities and population is based.

Given the lingering tensions from the Doklam standoff, Narang said the timing of the launch was very interesting, though he added it was likely scheduled far in advance of Thursday's test date.

Referring to Doklam, Narang said it was "hard to not wonder whether this test and its timing were meant as a signal to China on that end."

At home, the launch also coincided with two major events, a state visit by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, and one of India's flagship geopolitical conferences: the Raisina Dialogue 2018.

Confirmation of the test came during a panel titled: "Nuclear Unpredictability: Managing the Global Nuclear Framework."

India, along with Pakistan and North Korea, are among the 13 countries that have not signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.

The United States, Russia, China and North Korea all reportedly test-fired ballistic missiles in 2017, though Pyongyang is officially barred from doing so under United Nations sanctions.