Years of Russian dissembling about MH-17 - including various claims from Moscow that it was shot down by a Ukrainian fighter plane, that the Buk was Ukrainian, even that the plane, filled in advance with dead bodies, was a plant - could not alter the reality. The missile launcher was brought in from Russia, apparently to help pro-Russian rebels defend against possible raids by the Ukrainian air force, and used - almost certainly by mistake - to shoot down the passenger airliner.

There are only two ways for Russia to internalize that reality and react to it. One could be called the Great Power way. Here, Putin has a precedent to lean on - the July, 1988 downing of Iran Air Flight 655 by the USS Vincennes, in which 290 passengers and crew, almost as many as MH-17's 298, lost their lives. The US, like Russia today, blamed Iran for allowing the airliner to fly over a fighting area. It also attributed the firing of the two missiles that brought down the plane to human error from "combat stress". The US government never accepted responsibility or apologised to Iran, where government propaganda has since made the incident a cornerstone of Iran's enmity toward the US. The Iranian line is that the shoot-down was intentional, a way for the US to signal it would do anything to end the war in favor of its then-ally, Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein.

Despite dodging the blame and withholding an apology, the U.S. did, however, pay out US$61.8 million to the families of the Iranian victims.

The other way for Russia to deal with the disaster is to fully own up. Here, too, there's a strong precedent. In October, 2001, Ukrainian air defense forces shot down a Russian passenger airliner, Sibir Flight 1812, during an exercise. The incident was likely similar in nature to what happened to MH-17: The S-200 missile was supposed to hit an airborne target but was accidentally aimed at the passenger plane, bound from Tel Aviv to Novosibirsk, that was accidentally on the same course as the target.

All 78 people on board - Russian and Israeli citizens - were killed. Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma's initial reaction was to downplay the incident, but after Israeli officials and Ukraine's chief rabbi appealed to his conscience, Kuchma accepted the country's full responsibility, fired the defense minister and a number of senior officers and apologized to Russia, Israel and the victims' families.

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Ukraine paid US$15.3 million in compensation to each of the families.

Following the Ukrainian precedent would be infinitely preferable. Admitting responsibility wouldn't change much in how the war in eastern Ukraine is perceived: Russian help to the rebels is by now well-documented, and official denials have long since stopped serving any purpose. By taking the blame, Russia would show that the Putin government's geopolitical goals have nothing to do with its sympathy for the victims and desire to reach out to the families. That is something all Russians could relate to.

But even if Putin, who calls himself a devout Christian, somehow cannot bring himself to take this path, there is no valid precedent for not paying compensation. The case of the South Korean airliner shot down by the Soviet Union in 1983, in which neither the Soviets nor the Russian government paid anything, was substantially different because Flight KE007 was downed deliberately after going far off course. Even so, President Boris Yeltsin met with some victims' families and apologized "for the tragedy" to his South Korean counterpart.

Even if Putin regards the Russian military's actions as legitimate, he should make it clear that he considers the downing of the plane a terrible mistake and offer compensation to MH17's victims. Not doing that is an affront to his fellow citizens as much as to the rest of the world.

Bloomberg