Luxury boats often used by North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and his entourage have been spotted near the coastal resort of Wonsan, providing further indications he has recently visited his villa there.

Speculation about Mr Kim's health and whereabouts erupted after his unprecedented absence from April 15 celebrations to mark the birthday of his late grandfather, North Korea's founder Kim Il-sung.

The North Korea monitoring website NK PRO has published commercial satellite imagery showing Mr Kim's boats near Wonsan, and moving in patterns that suggested he or his entourage may be in the area.

That followed a report last week by a US-based North Korea monitoring project, 38 North, which reported satellite images showed what was believed to be Mr Kim's personal train parked at a station reserved for his use at the villa.

Officials in South Korea and the United States say it is plausible Mr Kim may be staying there, possibly to avoid exposure to the new coronavirus, and have expressed scepticism of media reports he had some kind of serious illness.

They caution, however, that Mr Kim's health and location are closely guarded secrets and reliable information is difficult to obtain in North Korea.

The last time official media in North Korea reported on Mr Kim's whereabouts was when he presided over a meeting on April 11, but there have been near-daily reports of him sending letters and diplomatic messages.

Mr Kim's seaside compound in Wonsan, on the country's east coast, is dotted with guest villas and serviced by a private beach, basketball court and private train station, according to experts and satellite imagery.

An airstrip was bulldozed last year to build a horseriding track, while a boathouse nearby shelters Mr Kim's Princess 95 luxury yacht, valued at around $US7 million ($10.7 million) in 2013.

"It's one of his favourite houses," said Michael Madden, a North Korea leadership expert at the US-based Stimson Center, who has compared Mr Kim's affinity for Wonsan to US President Donald Trump's favoured resort, Mar-a-Lago in Florida.

Mr Madden said Mr Kim is believed to have about 13 significant compounds around the country, though he appears to only regularly use about half of them.

Wonsan is one of the larger and better appointed compounds, but it also has a useful location that allows Mr Kim to easily travel to other areas along the coast.

It also allows him to return quickly to Pyongyang in his private train, or along a special highway designated for use only by the Kim family or top officials, Mr Madden said.

Villa could be Kim's birthplace

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Wonsan also holds symbolic power for the Kim dynasty: it was there Kim Il-sung, who helped found North Korea at the end of Japanese colonial rule in 1945, first landed with Soviet troops to take over the country.

Wonsan is believed by some experts to be Kim Jong-un's birthplace, partly because he spent his early years at the family's palace there, although official history has never confirmed where he was born.

The Japanese chef Kenji Fujimoto, who worked for the Kims and visited Wonsan, recounted in his memoirs how a young Kim Jong-un described rollerblading, playing basketball, riding jet skis and playing in the pool at the compound.

Later, photos showed Mr Kim sipping drinks there with American basketball player Dennis Rodman, when the star visited North Korea in 2013.

The Wonsan area has also become emblematic of Mr Kim's strategy for survival based on a combination of economic development, tourism, and nuclear weapons. He is rebuilding the city of 360,000 people and wants to turn it into a billion-dollar tourist hotspot.

In recent months, the project has been repeatedly delayed, undermined in part by international sanctions imposed over the North's nuclear and missile programs, which have restricted its ability to seek foreign investment.

Wonsan has also been the scene of some of Mr Kim's renewed military drills and missile tests, which he resumed amid increasing frustration with a lack of progress in denuclearisation talks with the United States and South Korea.

Reuters