"I come from an India where we worship women during the day, but gang rape them at night," Das said in the monologue.
The hashtag #VirDas is trending in India, with more than 60,000 tweets as of Wednesday afternoon.
Ashutosh Dubey, a legal adviser to the ruling Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party said he filed a complaint with the Mumbai police Tuesday against Das' "inflammatory" comments.
Indian filmmaker Ashoke Pandit said Das "should be immediately arrested" for his comments.
In a statement posted to Twitter Tuesday, Das defended his monologue, adding that he "takes pride" in India.
"The video is a satire about the duality of two very separate Indias, that do different things," he said. "Like any nation has light and dark, good and evil within it. None of this is a secret."
Meanwhile, Das has received support from several opposition politicians, journalists, and activists.
"A stand-up comedian who knows the real meaning of the term 'stand up' is not physical but moral," he said.
Another Congress lawmaker, Kapil Sibal, also backed Das. "None can doubt that there are two India's [sic]. Just that we don't want an Indian to tell the world about it," he wrote on Twitter Wednesday. "We are intolerant and hypocritical."
In recent months, some Indian comedians have raised fears about what they say is an escalating crackdown on free speech by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government.
CNN's Vedika Sud and Manveena Suri contributed reporting.