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Thousands of Australians have attended pro-Israel and pro-Palestine rallies across the country after the Israeli military rescued four hostages from Gaza, in a mission that involved an air assault and took a heavy civilian toll.
The four hostages were rescued from al-Nuseirat in central Gaza, eight months after they were taken by Hamas militants, in a massive military operation.
Hostages Ms Argamani, 25, Almog Meir Jan, 21, Andrey Kozlov and Shlomi Ziv were rescued after being taken from the Nova music festival on October 7, 2023.
At least 210 Palestinians were killed and more than 400 others were injured during the operation, the Hamas-run government media office in Gaza said.
A spokesperson for Foreign Minister Penny Wong reiterated Australia's call for a ceasefire on Sunday.
"We want to see all hostages released, civilians protected, and parties agree to the ceasefire proposal presented by [US] President [Joe] Biden," they told the ABC.
Executive Council of Australian Jewry co-CEO Alex Ryvchin said there were "tears of joy in Jewish households throughout the country last night" following the rescue.
"For so long, we'd hoped and pray that they will be home and safe," Mr Ryvchin told media on Sunday.
"And to know that today right now, Noa, and Almog and Shlomi and Andrey are home to their families is a beautiful thing.
More than 115 of the 250 hostages initially taken by Hamas remain in Gaza, with more than 36,000 Palestinians killed in retaliation according to the Gazan health ministry.
"We will not stop fighting, we will not stop praying and calling for their release," Mr Ryvchin added.
Israel has faced strong criticism for the operation, including from top EU diplomat Josep Borrell and United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories Francesa Albanese.
"[I am] relieved that four hostages have been released [but] it should not have come at the expense of at least 200 Palestinians, including children," Ms Albanese wrote on X.
"Israel has used hostages to legitimise killing, injuring, maiming, starving and traumatising Palestinians in Gaza."
Here's how other have responded in rallies around Australia:
Brisbane
In Brisbane, hundreds of members of the Jewish and Christian communities gathered at Brisbane's Roma Street Parklands on Sunday.
President of the Queensland Jewish Board of Deputies and board chair Jason Steinberg said he believed anti-Semitism is increasing in Queensland.
"Sixty per cent of our community have experienced direct anti-Semitism – that's bullying, harassment, physical assault – it's in schools, it's at workplaces and it's online," he said.
"And people are boycotting businesses owned by Jewish people and if you think about it, that's no different to what it was in the 1930s in Germany."
He said news of the hostage rescue was "great" but his thoughts were still with the remaining hostages.
"They need to be released now," he added.
The pro-Israel protest took place before a solemn pro-Palestine service in Brisbane's King George Square.
Members of the public, including doctors, have laid out flowers in tribute to those killed in al-Nuseirat.
The president of Queensland Muslims Inc, Habib Jamal, said he was still "in a state of shock" given the reported civilian toll.
"Two hundred and ten people were killed if not more, total destruction of a school, and people are focusing on four people rescued," he said.
"I mean, where is the humanity?"
Sydney
About 2,000 pro-Palestine supporters gathered for a rally at Hyde Park in Sydney just after 1pm.
Many waved flags or held posters over their heads, as they listened to impassioned speakers address the crowd from the flatbed of a truck.
The speakers roused the crowds with chants before condemning Israel's military occupation of Gaza.
They also admonished Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and New South Wales Premier Chris Minns for their international relations with Israel during the conflict.
Mel Khaled, who attended the rally with her family, said she wanted an end to the bloodshed.
"[Israel] freed their hostages, but they could've freed their hostages without the killing of our people," she said.
"They should get out of there, stop the bombing and get out of there."
Trish Burt said she learnt about the long-running conflict when she worked in the Middle East during the 1980s.
She said there should be a peaceful exchange of hostages.
"Every time the Palestinians have agreed to a hostage exchange, it is Israel that is not interested," she said.
"It's almost as if it's an excuse to continue their operations."
Melbourne
Tensions flared at a pro-Palestine rally in Melbourne where police used pepper spray in an attempt to control protesters.
Thousands attended the Free Palestine rally in Melbourne on Sunday, the 35th straight week demonstrators have hit the streets opposing Israel's invasion of Gaza.
Public order response team members deployed the pepper spray after protesters surrounded police outside the State Library of Victoria, having previously detained a man following a march.
It is understood demonstrators then attended a police station on Bourke Street to demand an apology for the use of pepper spray.
At least one flare was lit during the rally, while protesters flew Palestinian flags and held signs with messages including 'Free Palestine' and 'Ceasefire Now'.
Greens leader Adam Bandt addressed those gathered before the march, blasting the federal government for not taking actions to try to put more pressure on Israel to stop its offensive.
Mr Bandt called on the government to recognise the state of Palestine, sanction Israeli officials including prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, end any military trading with Israel and expel its ambassador.
On Saturday night, members of Melbourne's Jewish community rallied in the city's south-east to celebrate the rescue of hostages.
Authorities said about 500 people attended the rally along in the suburb of Caulfield, which has traditionally had a large Jewish population.
The pro-Israeli crowd waved flags at passing cars and sat in circles on the road while singing songs and dancing.
Victoria Police said the rally caused traffic issues, but was dispersed without any incidents or arrests.
ABC/Wires