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Posted: 2024-03-14 19:59:54

Russell Willans and Andrew Sanchez have forged an unusual path as outback miners.

Instead of physical commodities, their secret facility in regional Western Australia is searching for some people's new age version of gold.

They're mining bitcoin, a divisive digital commodity that technically only exists as a complex code on a computer network.

And right now, after a massive crash, the price of an individual "coin" is surging again on trading markets past US$70,000 each.

"We're super excited," Russell says.

For the uninitiated, bitcoin mining is more reliant on computing and microchips than pick-up trucks and diggers.

"I guess the term is a misnomer," Professor of Information Systems at The University of Sydney, Daniel Schlagwein, explains.

"Bitcoin mining is really a process of keeping the bitcoin network running.

"The mining aspect is that you are rewarded for doing this work for the bitcoin network by being issued bitcoins for performing this infrastructure work.

"It's transaction processing. It is data processing."

The inside of a computer farm with fans.

Bitcoin mining relies on banks of high-powered computers.(ABC News: Lucas Forbes)

So how exactly do you mine bitcoin?

Bitcoin was launched in 2009 by an unknown coder, generally referred to by the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto.

It was billed as a decentralised currency, away from the authority of central banks.

Bypassing the conventional financial system, it has a code that allows anonymous transactions, which over the years has led to concerns that bitcoin is facilitating money laundering, drug trafficking and other illegal activity.

While it is technically autonomous, the bitcoin transactions still need computers to manage it, which is where "bitcoin mining" comes in.

Every 10 minutes or so, the bitcoin protocol spews out a random number. The computer that guesses this number and solves the puzzle first wins an allotment of bitcoin.

A row of computer equipment on a shelf with green LED lights.

A close up of equipment used in cryptocurrency mining.(Supplied: Metamining)

When the cryptocurrency first launched, the amount of bitcoin on offer was very high, at a time when the individual market value of these coins was very low relative to fiat currencies, such as the US or Australian dollars.

And, with not so many people competing, you could guess the code to win bitcoin using a home computer set-up.

That is how "home miners" like Russ and Andy started out.

After initially dismissing bitcoin as "magical internet money", Russ became a convert around 2018 and started setting up the technology to unlock it at home.

"I was building PC rigs and mining that way," he remembers.

While doing this as a hobby, Russ was working in the oil and gas industry in Western Australia. He was on site around 2019 when he got chatting to his co-worker about cryptocurrency.

As it turned out, Andy was mining in his spare time as well.

Two men wearing industrial ear muffs, black protective glasses and caps in a small room with electrical equipment.

Russell Willans and Andrew Sanchez co-own the company Metamining and have a facility in outback WA.(Supplied: Metamining)

The duo's friendship developed, with Russ and Andy advising each other on their complex hobby. 

As more people were getting into bitcoin mining globally, the technology required to win a round of puzzle solving was far surpassing your standard home setup. Andy and Russ were buying up increasingly complex tools. 

One day, a few years ago, Russ and Andy realised their own operations were literally getting too big for their homes.

Andy was ordering equipment that was like "running two turbines in the living room", while Russ was tripping over cables in his living area.

"I was building Frankenstein's monster," Russ says.

"It was pretty crazy. I think we were both on the verge of our wives going, 'Enough is enough. It's us or the crypto mining'.

"So, Andy and I put our heads together and said, 'Let's build our first farm'."

What is a bitcoin farm?

Again, the analogies aren't particularly accurate here.

The "bitcoin farm" operated by Russ and Andy today, through their company Metamining, is actually a bunch of shipping containers in the outback with technology that mostly operates remotely.

Two shelves in an insulated shed with electrical equipment, computers and cords.

Early days of Metamining's crypto operations.(Supplied: Metamining)

Russ and Andy declined to disclose the location of their facility, citing security concerns. They say they've partnered with a remote landholder to provide them with a cheap energy source.

"It was a fantastic opportunity that came just at the right time, because I think it saved both our marriages," Russ says.

"And we were able then to really scale up in a big way.

"They've built infrastructure such as solar and wind farms. And we're piggybacking off that green energy.

"There's obviously massive power needs for bitcoin mining."

Over the years, there have been ongoing concerns about bitcoin mining's enormous energy usage and associated carbon emissions, akin to entire countries.

A bird's eye view of three long sheds in an isolated stretch of land on the side of a hill.

Iren's data centre site in Prince George, British Columbia.(Supplied: Iren)

In the Northern Hemisphere, an Australian-founded company Iren is running five facilities across Texas and British Columbia that are being run by hydro, solar or renewable power purchase agreements.

The sheer size of Iren's operations show just how far bitcoin mining has come in 2024, and what small-time operators like Russ and Andy are now up against to claim their prize.

Iren's facilities span entire plots, and between them are still only able to solve enough coding to claim around 300 bitcoin a month.

A long grey hallway with walls of computer fans.

Iren's data centre at its site in Prince George, British Columbia.(Supplied: Iren)

Even at bitcoin's current peak, Iren's revenue is hugely offset by its power bills.

"Last month, we made around $US14 million in revenue against a power cost of around $US6 million," its Australian-based co-founder Daniel Roberts told ABC News.

Mr Roberts insists the company is profitable, but Iren's financial results from last year show it posted a loss of $AU260 million.

That was after write-downs on its assets, as bitcoin was plunging in value during the 2022 and 2023 fallout from the FTX-scandal and other issues.

Iren's share price has also crashed 80 per cent since it was listed on the US Nasdaq stock exchange, at the last peak of the market in late 2021.

A man wearing a black polo shirt with a green logo typing on a laptop at a desk.

Daniel Roberts founded the Nasdaq-listed bitcoin mining company, Iren.(ABC News: John Gunn)

So is bitcoin mining profitable?

There are now millions – if not tens of millions – of computers globally competing for bitcoin, the University of Sydney's Professor Schlagwein estimates. Even a ban by China on bitcoin mining isn't thought to have massively dented the market.

Russ and Andy, who also operate a side business that helps other people get into mining, say they've recently had a surge of enquiries from people wanting gear, now that the asset is rallying again.

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