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Arizona Governor Katie Hobbs has relegated an 1864 ban on most abortions to the past by signing a repeal bill on Thursday, local time.
Ms Hobbs said the move is just the beginning of a fight to protect reproductive health care in Arizona. But the repeal may not take effect until 90 days after the end of the legislative session, which is in June or July.
Abortion rights advocates hope a court will step in to prevent that outcome.
The effort to repeal the long-dormant law, which bans all abortions except those done to save a patient's life, won final legislative approval Wednesday in a 16-14 vote of the Senate, as two GOP lawmakers joined with Democrats.
Ms Hobbs denounced "a ban that was passed by 27 men before Arizona was even a state, at a time when America was at war over the right to own slaves, a time before women could even vote."
"This ban needs to be repealed, I said it in 2022 when Roe was overturned, and I said it again and again as governor," Ms Hobbs said.
The vote extended for hours as senators described their motivations in personal, emotional and even biblical terms — including graphic descriptions of abortion procedures and amplified audio recordings of a fetal heartbeat, along with warnings against the dangers of "legislating religious beliefs."
Other US states weigh in on abortion debate
At the same time on Wednesday, local time, supporters of a South Dakota abortion rights initiative submitted far more signatures than required to make the ballot this year, while in Florida a ban took effect against most abortions after six weeks of pregnancy, before many people even know they are pregnant.
Arizona Attorney General Kris Mayes, an opponent of the near-total abortion ban, has said the earliest the dormant abortion-ban law could be enforced is June 27, though she has asked the state's highest court to block enforcement until sometime in late July.
But the anti-abortion group defending the ban, Alliance Defending Freedom, maintains county prosecutors can begin enforcing it once the Supreme Court's decision becomes final, which hasn't yet occurred.
The near-total ban provides no exceptions for survivors of rape or incest.
In a ruling last month, the Arizona Supreme Court suggested doctors could be prosecuted under the law first approved in 1864, which carries a sentence of two to five years in prison for anyone who assists in an abortion.
A repeal means that a 2022 statute banning the procedure after 15 weeks of pregnancy would become Arizona's prevailing abortion law.
Lawmakers celebrate at signing ceremony
A crowd of lawmakers joined the governor at the signing ceremony. Some were gripped by emotion as they cheered the repeal and said more is needed to protect rights to reproductive health care.
Former Democratic state representative Athena Salman celebrated approval of the repeal she initially proposed in 2019.
Ms Salman, who resigned in January to lead an abortion rights group, said she can't stop thinking about her daughters.
"Future generations will not have to live under the restrictions and the interference that we have had to experience," she said.
Arizona representative Stephanie Stahl Hamilton who has been key in the fight to repeal the territorial abortion ban, said she spent her early years on the Navajo Nation where her parents were school teachers and saw first hand people being denied their reproductive rights.
She also watched her sister-in-law struggle with two difficult pregnancies that resulted in stillbirths.
"My daughter, who is 17 years old, should this law go in effect would have less reproductive freedoms than her great-grandmother in 1940 and Texas, who had to have an abortion," Ms Stahl Hamilton said.
"We have people who need reproductive care now."
US President Joe Biden's campaign team believes anger over the fall of Roe v. Wade gives them a political advantage in battleground states like Arizona, while the issue has divided Republican leaders.
Abortion-ban advocates in the Senate on Wednesday gallery jeered and interrupted state Republican state senator Shawnna Bolick as she explained her vote in favour of repeal, joining with Democrats.
Ms Bolick is married to state Supreme Court Justice Clint Bolick, who voted in April to allow a 1864 law on abortion to be enforced again. He confronts a retention election in November.
The 19th century law had been blocked since the US Supreme Court's 1973 Roe v. Wade decision guaranteed the constitutional right to an abortion nationwide.
After Roe v. Wade was overturned in June 2022, then-Arizona attorney general Mark Brnovich, persuaded a state judge that the 1864 ban could be enforced.
The law hadn't been enforced since the case was making its way through the courts.
Planned Parenthood Arizona filed a motion on Wednesday afternoon that asks the state Supreme Court to prevent a pause in abortion services until the Legislature's repeal takes effect.
Advocates are collecting signatures for a ballot measure allowing abortions until a foetus could survive outside the womb, typically around 24 weeks, with exceptions — to save the parent's life, or to protect her physical or mental health.
Republican lawmakers, in turn, are considering putting one or more competing abortion proposals on the November ballot.
Ronald Yunis, a Phoenix-based obstetrician-gynecologist who also provides abortions, called the repeal a positive development for patients who might have left Arizona for medical care.
"This is good for ensuring that women won't have to travel to other states just to get the health care they need," Dr Yunis said. "I was not too concerned because I have a lot of confidence in our governor and attorney general. I'm certain they will continue finding ways to protect women."
AP